Classification Of Crusher

Classification Of Crusher

Crusher, also known as gravel crusher. Is the metal ore and non-metal ore processing process used to be able to mine the raw ore through extrusion and bending action and other ways of crushing machinery into small pieces of particles.

The commonly used crushing machinery has Jaw Crusher, rotary crusher, Cone crusher, roller crusher, hammer crusher and Impact crusher and so on.
Jaw type crusher
Introduction: Jaw crusher is a crushing machine which uses the extrusion and bending effect of two jaw plates on materials to coarse or medium crush materials of various hardness. The crushing mechanism is composed of a fixed jaw plate and a movable jaw plate. When the two jaw plates approach, the material is broken, and when the two jaw plates leave, the material blocks smaller than the discharge port are discharged from the bottom. Its breaking action is intermittent. This crusher is widely used in mineral processing, building materials, silicate and ceramics and other industrial sectors because of its simple structure, reliable work and the advantages of crushing hard materials.
Gyration crusher
Gyratory crusher is a large crushing machine which uses the gyratory movement of the crushing cone in the inner cone cavity of the shell to produce extrusion, splitting and bending effect on the material, and coarse crushing of ore or rock of various hardness. The upper end of the spindle equipped with the crushing cone is supported in the bushing in the middle of the beam, and the lower end is placed in the eccentric hole of the shaft sleeve. When the shaft sleeve rotates, the crushing cone rotates eccentrically around the center line of the machine. Its crushing action is continuous, so the working efficiency is higher than that of the jaw crusher. By the early 1970s, the large gyratory crusher can handle 5000 tons of material per hour, and the maximum feed diameter can reach 2000 mm.
Rotary crusher with two ways to realize the adjustment of discharge port and overload insurance: one is the mechanical way, the upper end of the spindle has an adjustment nut, rotary adjustment nut, crushing cone can fall or rise, so that the discharge port becomes larger or smaller, overload, by cutting off the drive pulley on the pin to achieve insurance; The second is the use of hydraulic rotary crusher, the main shaft is located in the hydraulic cylinder plunger, changing the volume of hydraulic oil under the plunger can change the crushing cone up and down position, so as to change the size of the discharge port. When overloaded, the downward pressure of the spindle increases, forcing the hydraulic oil under the plunger into the accumulator in the hydraulic transmission system, so that the crushing cone will drop to increase the discharge port, and discharge the non-crushing material (iron, wood, etc.) into the crushing chamber with the material to achieve insurance.

Cone type crusher
The working principle of Cone Crusher is the same as that of rotary crusher, but it is only suitable for crushing machinery of medium or fine crushing operation. The uniformity of discharging particle size of medium and fine crushing operation is generally higher than that of coarse crushing operation. Therefore, a parallel zone must be set up in the lower part of the crushing cavity. At the same time, the rotation speed of the crushing cone must be accelerated so that the material is squeezed more than once in the parallel zone.
The crushing of medium and fine crushing operation is larger than that of coarse crushing operation, so the loose volume after crushing is increased greatly. In order to prevent the crushing cavity from blocking, the diameter of the lower part of the crushing cone must be increased to increase the total discharging cross section without increasing the discharging port to ensure the required discharging particle size.
Cone crusher discharge port is small, mixed with the feed of non-broken material is more likely to cause accidents, and because of the medium and fine crushing operation on the discharge particle size requirements, must be in time to adjust the discharge port after the liner wear, so the cone crusher insurance and adjustment device is more necessary than coarse crushing operation.
When overloaded, the conical shell forces the spring to compress and raise itself, so as to increase the discharge port and discharge the non-broken material. The adjustment of the discharge port is carried out by adjusting the sleeve, and the adjustment sleeve which is fixed on the shell can be turned by the thread on the outer circle to drive the shell up or down, so as to change the size of the discharge port. The insurance and adjustment method of hydraulic cone crusher is the same as that of hydraulic rotary crusher.
Roll type crusher
The roller crusher is a machine which uses the friction force of the roller surface to bite the material into the crushing area, so that it can withstand extrusion or splitting and crushing. When used for coarse crushing or need to increase the crushing ratio, often make teeth or grooves on the roller surface to increase the splitting effect. Roll crusher is usually divided into single roll, double roll and multi roll crusher according to the number of rolls, suitable for coarse crushing, medium crushing or fine crushing of coal, limestone, cement clinker and feldspar and other medium hard materials.
Hammer crusher is the use of high speed impact of hammer head, the material in the crushing and fine crushing operation of the crushing machinery, reliable work. The hammer head is hinged on a high-speed rotating rotor, and a grate is arranged at the lower part of the body to control the size of the discharging material. The material sent into the crusher is first affected by the impact of the hammer head of high speed movement and broken for the first time, and at the same time to obtain kinetic energy, high-speed flying to the broken plate on the inner wall of the casing and broken again. The material smaller than the grate gap is discharged out of the machine, while the material larger than the grate gap is impacted and grinded by the hammer again on the grate until it is smaller than the grate gap and discharged with strong power.

Hammer type crusher
Hammer crusher has the advantages of large crushing ratio, uniform discharging particle size, less overcomminant and low energy consumption. However, due to the rapid wear of hammer head, it is limited in the application of hard material crushing. In addition, because the grate is afraid of blocking, it is not suitable to use it to crush the material with high humidity and containing clay. This crusher is usually used to break brittle materials such as limestone, shale, coal, gypsum, chalk and so on.
Change the hammer head of hammer crusher to ring coal crusher of steel ring, is the variation of hammer crusher. It uses the comprehensive effect of high speed impact and low speed rolling to crush the material, so that finer products can be obtained. It is mainly used for crushing coal in power plants, but also for crushing gypsum, salt chemical raw materials and some medium and hard materials, with reliable work.
Impact type crusher
Impact Crusher is a machine that uses the high speed impact of plate hammer and the rebound effect of counter plate, so that the material is repeatedly impacted and broken. The power is strong. The plate hammer is fixedly mounted on the high-speed rotating rotor, and several counterattack plates are arranged along the crushing cavity according to different angles.
When the material enters the action area of the plate hammer, it is first affected by the first impact of the plate hammer and broken for the first time. At the same time, it obtains kinetic energy and rushes to the counter plate at high speed. After the material is broken again by the collision with the counter plate, it is bounced back to the action zone of the plate hammer and is impacted by the plate hammer again. This is repeated until it is broken into the required size and discharged.